Category: We Heart Health Literacy

Here at We ❤ Health Literacy Headquarters, we’re eagerly awaiting a COVID-19 vaccine — and bracing for the challenge of communicating about it when it finally arrives. So the question on our minds this week is: How can we start building public trust in a COVID vaccine before we have all the info?

Try these tips to lay some solid groundwork for COVID vaccine communication:

• Resist the urge to overpromise. The best way to avoid confusing U-turns in health messaging is to avoid going beyond the facts in the first place. Politicians may bluster about a still-hypothetical vaccine that’ll be X percent effective, or ready in Y months. But as the premature hype around experimental treatments has shown, jumping the gun on health claims leads to a loss of public trust in the long run. So beware of spreading vaccine news that might be too good to be true.
• Be honest about what we don’t know. At this stage in vaccine development, there are lots of unknowns. How long will immunity from a COVID vaccine last? Will the vaccine totally prevent a COVID infection or just make the illness less serious? Unfortunately, we just don’t know. So be up front about what researchers are still figuring out — remember, transparency in health communication is a good thing!
• Stick to solid ground. You can still give your readers plenty of hopeful, helpful information about the search for a COVID vaccine. For example, experts agree that we can and will make an effective vaccine for this virus — something we haven’t been able to do for some other viruses, like HIV or herpes. So keep reassuring your readers that a vaccine is in the works. And while it won’t mean an instant, magical return to a pre-COVID world, an effective vaccine will certainly be a major step in the right direction.
• Build trust in the process. One reason vaccine development takes so long is that we have strong systems in place to make sure vaccines are safe. But with scientists and researchers speeding up that timeline, people may worry that they’re skipping important steps. So how can we help people feel confident? Explain the process! Tell your readers about the 3 phases of vaccine trials — and stress that while companies are finding ways to combine phases, they’re not skipping any key safety steps.
• Go back to basics. While we’re all waiting for more concrete info about an actual vaccine, now’s a great time to raise awareness about some basic vaccine concepts. So take this chance to tell your readers all about antibodies. Or explain why getting a vaccine helps protect everyone around you, too.

The bottom line: Follow these tips to start communicating now about a future COVID-19 vaccine.

Tweet about it: How can we lay some solid groundwork for #COVID19 vaccine communication? @CommunicateHlth has #HealthLit tips: https://bit.ly/3he9MtT #communicateCOVID

Here at We ❤ Health Literacy Headquarters, we love a super clear, straightforward safety rule. So, like many health communicators, we’ve been shouting the 6-feet-apart social distancing tip from the rooftops. But as experts learn more about how COVID-19 spreads, it’s becoming clear that 6 feet may not be a silver bullet — especially indoors. So this week, we’re looking at ways to bring some nuance to the safe distance conversation.

Try these tips to communicate more clearly about social distancing:

• Make it clear there’s no magic number. The 6-feet rule is a good start, don’t get us wrong. But is there a mystical barrier hanging in the air, taking out pesky respiratory particles that dare to float an inch beyond 6 feet? Alas, no! There is not. So make sure not to drop the “at least” from “at least 6 feet apart.” And if you have the space, you could try something like this to really drive the point home: “Staying at least 6 feet apart is good, but more distance is always better.”
• Treat distance as 1 tool in the toolbox. Distance is key to preventing the spread of COVID — but we also need to talk about other factors, like masks, ventilation, crowding, length of time, and type of activity. So help your readers picture risk on a spectrum. On the safer end, you could give the example of 2 masked people chatting quietly from either side of a neighborhood street. On the wildly risky end, try 50 unmasked people shouting in a small room with no airflow. When people have the full picture, they can better adjust their behavior to stay on the safer side.
• Use secondhand smoke as a helpful analogy. We’ve seen some experts comparing airborne COVID particles to cigarette smoke — and we think that’s pretty clever! Just think: You can get a whiff from 20 feet away, but the closer you are, the stronger the stench. It’s much more noticeable indoors than outdoors. And passing a smoker briefly on the sidewalk is a lot less risky than spending hours sitting next to someone who’s smoking. So if you’re looking for a comparison to help your readers understand why these variables matter, consider making the connection to secondhand smoke.

Now, dear readers, you might be wondering: Isn’t it confusing to tell people that 6 feet isn’t enough when so many reopening plans rely on this distance guideline? Yep, that’s a valid concern. But the reality of this (constantly evolving) public health crisis means that people may need more details to make truly informed decisions about COVID. And that’s something we can help with.

The bottom line: Help people go beyond the 6-feet rule to slow the spread of COVID-19.

Tweet about it: When communicating about #SocialDistancing, the 6-feet rule is a good place to start. But we can do better, says @CommunicateHlth: https://bit.ly/2DrKb2Z #communicateCOVID

Here at We ❤ Health Literacy Headquarters, we’ve been thinking a lot about how we discuss race, racism, and risk in our health materials. And with COVID-19 killing Black people and other people of color at vastly disproportionate rates, it’s more urgent than ever to get this tricky conversation right.

So let’s take a run-of-the-mill risk statement like this: “Black people are at higher risk of dying from COVID-19.” At first glance, that might seem like a useful piece of information. After all, the data clearly show the racial disparity in death rates. And communicating about risk can help people make informed health decisions, right? So… what’s wrong with it?

Well, there’s the little wrinkle that race is a social construct. So when we cite race as a risk factor for a biological condition, we’re often using it as a clumsy proxy for either genetic ancestry — which doesn’t neatly align with race — or social factors like access to health care.

So how can we do better? If a racial health disparity is related to a genetic trait (like sickle cell disease), be specific about that. And if it’s related to systemic racism or other social determinants of health, be specific about that, too. Try a statement like this: “Due to the health effects of racism, Black people are dying of COVID-19 at higher rates than white people.”

Naming racism as the risk factor here is more accurate — and it places the burden where it belongs: on racist systems and institutions. And systems and institutions can change if we all recognize their failures and work to correct them.

The bottom line: As health communicators, it’s our job to name racism — not race — as a risk factor for disease, when that’s what we’re really talking about.

Tweet about it: We need to name racism — not race — as a risk factor for disease when that’s what we’re really talking about, says @CommunicateHlth: https://bit.ly/34hQUr7 #HealthLit #communicateCOVID

We’ve written before about how numeracy can impact health decisions. And we know numeracy skills tend to decline when we’re under stress — like, say, during a global pandemic! So as health communicators, we need to help our readers parse the data in the COVID conversation.

Use these tips to help your audiences make sense of COVID numbers:

• Use numbers on a need-to-know basis. When people are bombarded by lots of numbers, they tend to tune out. So each time you use a number, ask if your reader really needs to see it. For example, in a short how-to about COVID testing, is the exact false positive rate need-to-know information? Or could that number distract from the key action step of getting tested?
• Define key data terms. Terms like “positive test rate” get thrown around so much these days that they start to feel familiar. But to most people, that’s still unfamiliar jargon. So instead of writing: “Your state has a 20 percent positive test rate,” try: “In the last week, 1 in 5 people in your state who got tested for COVID-19 had the disease.”
• Put numbers in context. Defining data-related terms is only half the battle! Readers also need context to understand why the numbers matter in the first place. So provide the relevant takeaway: “This high positive test rate means that your state isn’t testing enough people. That means lots of people in your state could have the virus and not know it.”
• Follow up with action steps. Turn information into action by pairing numbers with steps readers can take to keep themselves and others healthy. For example, “Right now, there are more than 500 cases of COVID-19 in your county. That’s a very high number — so it’s especially important to stay home as much as possible and wear a mask whenever you leave your home.”
• Help readers visualize data. Use graphics to bring the numbers to life. For example, the Covid Act Now map offers a visual snapshot of how the virus is affecting communities across the United States. These types of colorful visuals can help readers quickly grasp the level of risk in their area — and make more informed health decisions.

The bottom line: Help your readers understand COVID stats and use them to make better health decisions.

Tweet about it: Help your audiences make sense of stats when you #communicateCOVID! Use these #HealthLit numeracy-boosting tips from @CommunicateHlth: https://bit.ly/3kJc2fS

Here at We ❤ Health Literacy Headquarters, vaccines are a topic near and dear to our hearts. We’ve written in the past about tricky aspects of vaccine communication like herd immunity. And with a COVID-19 vaccine on the horizon (we hope!), we thought it was time to tackle another sneaky vaccine-related term: antibodies.

You might be thinking, do we really need to get into these weeds? Can’t we talk about vaccines without mentioning antibodies? Alas, no. Not in the time of COVID, anyway. With headlines about coronavirus antibody tests all over the news, health communicators will need to educate readers about these powerful little proteins.

So use these tips when you communicate about antibodies:

• Explain antibodies in plain language. Try this: Whenever your immune system meets a new germ, it makes new antibodies that “remember” that germ. So the next time that germ shows up, those antibodies will sound the alarm and help your body fight it off before it can make you sick.
• Stress that vaccines are the best way to get antibodies. It’s true that you can get antibodies from being sick with a disease. But vaccines let you skip the sickness and go straight to being protected. Doesn’t that sound more pleasant?

Your readers may also be wondering what it means to have antibodies to COVID-19. And unfortunately, experts just aren’t sure! Because COVID is so new, we’re still figuring out whether having COVID antibodies means that you’re immune to the disease.

And of course, dear readers, that’s why vaccines are so important. Through the trial process, scientists will find a vaccine (or more than 1) that is proven to give people effective antibodies to coronavirus — without risking their health in the process.

The bottom line: Explain antibodies to help your readers understand the amazing power of vaccines!

Tweet about it: With so many news headlines about #COVID19 antibody tests, we need to teach readers about these powerful little proteins. Check out @CommunicateHlth’s #HealthLit tips: https://bit.ly/33FCPmW #communicateCOVID

We don’t know about you, dear readers, but in this time of social distancing, we’ve been doing a whole lot of reading! So in this week’s edition of the We ❤ Health Literacy Book Club, we wanted to draw your attention to an absolute must-read for health nerds like us.

In Bellevue: Three Centuries of Medicine and Mayhem at America’s Most Storied Hospital, David Oshinsky tells the story of the oldest — and most notorious — public hospital in the country. This book has it all. Public health! Antiquated medical techniques! The city that never sleeps!

It’s also chock-full of something that’s top of mind as the COVID-19 pandemic drags on (and on and on): disease outbreaks. If you’re like us, you might find it calming to read about the many outbreaks (cholera, yellow fever, TB, typhus) that helped shape the hospital’s history — and that do not include coronavirus. Seems like the one place you won’t hear about COVID-19 these days is in a book that covers plagues from the past.

Bellevue touches on so much that it’s hard to choose the elevator pitch. Of course you’ll learn all about the history of the hospital itself — but that’s not all. In this historical page-turner, you’ll also find out:

• Why President Garfield might have survived that pesky assassination if he had gotten shot a liiiittle bit later
• What it was like to travel to the hospital in a horse-drawn ambulance
• How the groundbreaking report Sanitary Conditions of the City got people thinking about hygiene and sanitation before public health was really a thing
• What the AIDS crisis looked like to the doctors who treated the first wave of New York City patients (for more on this topic, check out our past Book Club picks And the Band Played On and Voices in the Band)
• Why you had to watch out for… dun dun dun… Prohibition poison liquor!

It’s also striking that this history book is full of challenges we’re still facing today, including the devastating health effects of racism and discrimination, the constant tension between public and private health care, and the consequences of an inadequate mental health care system. In this way, it can feel discouraging — how are we still grappling with so many of the same issues?

But if we return to the COVID-19 lens, things look brighter. The diseases behind the outbreaks in Bellevue’s pages all have one thing in common: they are now under control — and we have measures to effectively treat and prevent them. Let’s hope we’ll be saying the same of our current viral opponent before too long.

The bottom line: David Oshinsky’s Bellevue is a must-read for public health nerds everywhere.

Tweet about it: Need a summer book rec? Look no further than David Oshinsky’s Bellevue — it’s a true #PublicHealth page-turner, says @CommunicateHlth’s Book Club: https://bit.ly/30HvEry

We’ve seen lots of good guidance lately that focuses on how people can keep themselves safe and healthy during the pandemic. And that type of guidance is useful and necessary.

But here at We ❤ Health Literacy Headquarters, we’ve been thinking a lot about what’s missing from that advice: how to protect other people. Because in a pandemic, every personal risk is a public risk — and every personal choice to wear a mask or stay at home is a public service. That means when we focus too much on self-protection, we’re missing half the message.

Fortunately, most people want to do good and help others — and this desire to help those around us can even help motivate behavior change. So when you write about COVID-19, use these tips to keep the public front and center in this public health crisis:

• Help people feel helpful (or even heroic!). Tell your audience that even if they aren’t worried about themselves or their families getting sick, they have a chance to protect other people. Going out to eat? Think about the server and the person at the next table. Traveling by plane? Think about the flight crew and other passengers. Stress that when they avoid exposing others to the virus, they could be saving a life. And to make these public effects feel more, well, personal, try highlighting real stories of people who’ve been affected by COVID-19.
• Call out “COVID privilege.” Not everyone has the option to stay home, and many people working non-remote jobs are risking their lives for less than a living wage. So remind readers who have the privilege of isolating themselves and their families to consider this power imbalance. Encourage them to take a question like this: “Is it safe for me and my family to go on vacation/have someone clean our house/go to a salon?” And reframe it like this: “Is it safe for us and everyone we’ll come in contact with?”
• Draw helpful public health parallels. People may bristle at mask mandates because the concept is so new. So help your readers make the connection with more familiar public health measures. Do they pay attention to speed limits when driving? Refrain from smoking in restaurants? Cover their mouth when they cough? Masks are just like that — something we all need to do to keep our fellow humans safe and healthy.
• Keep their eyes on the prize. There’s no point pretending that COVID prevention is all a (socially distant) walk in the park. And your audience may feel that their responsible choices are meaningless in light of irresponsible choices by their elected leaders. But individual actions do make a difference in a pandemic. So remind them that joining in collective efforts to prioritize public health now could lead to a healthier future for all of us.

We also want to acknowledge that it’s only useful to understand how your choices impact others… if you actually have choices. For many people, doing things that expose others to risk — like coming within 6 feet of coworkers and sending kids to daycare — are economic necessities. So keep this distinction in mind, and offer harm reduction tips to help your readers reduce the risk to themselves and to those around them.

The bottom line: COVID-19 is a public health crisis — so help your readers act for the good of us all.

Tweet about it: When you #communicateCOVID, telling people how to protect themselves from #COVID19 isn’t enough. @CommunicateHlth explains how to keep the public in public health: https://bit.ly/2OwgfEH

There are lots of numbers floating around these days in relation to COVID-19. We’ve written before about how people struggle with numeracy — but mix that with a dash of pandemic anxiety, and you’ve got a recipe for widespread confusion.

So this week, dear readers, we want to share a favorite go-to resource for helping folks digest some of this data: the Covid Act Now map. Created by a team of tech wizards, health experts, and policy specialists, the map shows COVID-19 data and risk level by state (and county when possible). The tool focuses on 4 key questions:

• Are COVID cases decreasing?
• Are we testing enough?
• Are our hospitals ready?
• Are we tracing fast enough?

As health communicators, we know how important it is to accurately interpret and clearly communicate data to our readers. So let’s take a moment to appreciate how Covid Act Now breaks down key risk indicators into plain language questions that we can all understand.

We also ❤ how Covid Act Now dishes out color-coded visuals to help answer complicated questions without relying only on tricky numbers. And the map is updated constantly, so we can easily absorb what’s happening right now — and use that knowledge to make informed health decisions. (Pretty important in an ever-changing public health crisis.) Now that’s a recipe we’re happy to share!

The bottom line: Share clear, easy-to-understand resources like the Covid Act Now map to help people make sense of big data during the pandemic.

Tweet about it: Check out @CovidActNow for a great example of how we can help people understand complicated #COVID19 data, says @CommunicateHlth: https://bit.ly/3iLBdgL #communicateCOVID

As health communicators, we know that the best way to keep COVID-19 from spreading is (still!) to stay home. But we also know that with states and communities reopening, people will be venturing out more — and that means it’s time to talk about harm reduction.

In the case of COVID-19, of course we’ll continue to tell people that the safest choice is to stay home. But we also need to help people stay safer when do they go out.

And we need to acknowledge that for many people, staying home isn’t an option. Essential workers — and now, in many states, non-essential workers — have to leave their homes or risk losing their paychecks.

People nationwide are also heading out to protest another public health crisis: systemic racism and police violence. And while we can’t eliminate their risks entirely, we can help them stay safer.

So share these tips to help people protect themselves and others whenever they leave their homes — no matter the reason:

• Stay outside. Studies have found that people are much less likely to get COVID-19 when they’re outdoors. That makes parks and backyards far better choices than bars or malls.
• Keep your distance. Since the early days of the pandemic, public health experts have advised everyone to stay at least 6 feet away from people they don’t live with — and that guidance hasn’t changed. Two friends meeting up at the park, for example, are better off sitting several feet apart in the grass than rubbing elbows on a park bench.
• Keep it quick. Researchers think that the longer you’re around someone who has COVID-19, the higher your risk of getting infected. That means popping into a restaurant for a few minutes to grab takeout is less risky than sitting inside for an hour while you eat dinner.
• Keep it small. Spending time in a crowd — think parties, concerts, or packed restaurants — is a bad idea (even outdoors!). It’s hard to keep your distance from others, and more people means a higher risk that one of those people could have the virus. So keeping gatherings very small can help.
• Wear a mask — and stay away from people who aren’t wearing them. Evidence shows that wearing a cloth mask helps stop people from spreading COVID-19 to others. And since people without symptoms can still be contagious, everyone needs to wear masks whenever they can’t keep their distance.
• Wash your hands. A lot. Use hand sanitizer if there’s no soap and water available. And don’t touch your face. Sound familiar? That’s because tips for “practicing good hygiene” still apply, whether you’re at home or out and about.

As always, be sure to adapt these tips to fit your specific audience. Harm reduction might look a lot different for certain groups, like people who are experiencing homelessness. So remember to keep your audience front and center when you’re developing health comm products — that’s always part of our job, but it’s especially important now.

The bottom line: People won’t stay home indefinitely — so offer practical advice to help them lower their risk of catching or spreading COVID-19 when they do go out.

Tweet about it: The best way to keep #COVID19 from spreading is to #StayHome — but people also need practical ways to lower their risk when they don’t. @CommunicateHlth offers #HarmReduction tips to #communicateCOVID: https://bit.ly/2NaXy8Q

This week, dear readers, we want to draw your attention to a timely resource from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF): Health Equity Principles for State and Local Leaders in Responding to, Reopening and Recovering from COVID-19.

As we continue to reflect on COVID-19 and racism, it’s not enough to simply acknowledge that these crises are interconnected. As health communicators, we need to promote pandemic response strategies that draw attention to the disproportionate burdens on Black and Brown communities and prioritize their health and well-being.

So what does an equitable pandemic response look like? Here are RWJF’s 5 health equity principles:

• Collect, analyze, and report data disaggregated by age, race, ethnicity, gender, disability, neighborhood, and other sociodemographic characteristics.
• Include in decision-making the people most affected by health and economic challenges, and benchmark progress based on their outcomes.
• Establish and empower teams dedicated to promoting racial equity in response and recovery efforts.
• Proactively identify and address existing policy gaps while advocating for further federal support.
• Invest in strengthening public health, health care, and social infrastructure to foster resilience.

Be sure to read more about these principles on RWJF’s site!

The bottom line: As we respond to this pandemic, we need to unite around a shared vision to address the deep-rooted systemic problems of racism and health inequity in our country. Resources like RWJF’s health equity principles are a good place to start.

Tweet about it: .@RWJF’s principles can help us unite around a shared vision of an equitable response to #COVID19, says @CommunicateHlth: https://bit.ly/3dUZWMO #communicateCOVID