Category: We Heart Health Literacy

Here at We ❤ Health Literacy Headquarters, we spend a lot of time doing a combination of writing web content and thinking about user needs. As part of this, we always want to make sure we’re not forcing readers to consume more information than they want — but we also don’t want to leave them hungry for more. We want to offer the “just right” amount of information (you know, Goldilocks and porridge and whatnot).

But how do you give many different people a “just right” amount of information? The answer comes from an article by Leslie O’Flahavan called The Bite, the Snack, and the Meal. Sadly, this is not an excuse for midday munchies in the name of health literacy. But it is a great way to think about breaking down content into differently sized “servings” to meet users’ needs.

The article’s author says that, just like guests who come to a dinner party with a variety of appetites, readers are likely interested in different amounts of information on a webpage. The solution? Offer various “serving sizes” of content! Here’s how it works.

• Put the key message in the header. Instead of “HPV Vaccine Guidelines for Parents,” try something like “Get Your Child the HPV Vaccine.” This first nugget of information is the bite. A user who only wants the most important information from a page won’t need to look past the header! Brilliant.
• Put your main message up front. Including a brief summary at the beginning of the page gives readers an introduction to the topic and skips details that some users don’t want. This is perfect for people who want more than a bite but not the whole meal — they want a snack.
• Include detailed content and links to more resources. Some users want the details — all of ’em. Keep these folks in mind when you’re drafting the full webpage. You can even include links to pages with more details or about related topics. And yep, dear readers, this is the meal.

You can also use “bite, snack, meal” to think through content strategy — how related health communication products interact with each other.

For example, let’s say you’re developing an interactive infographic. The infographic, which is relatively easy to digest, is a great snack. You might also create social media posts with key stats from the infographic to serve as bites. And it’s always good to include a link to a webpage that has additional information — that makes the meal.

The bottom line: Keep “bite, snack, meal” in mind to make sure everyone gets what they want out of your health materials — no more, no less.

Tweet about it: It’s tough to predict how hungry folks are for #HealthLit info! @CommunicateHlth dishes on a strategy for satisfying every appetite: https://bit.ly/2OAeeVE

Here at We ❤ Health Literacy Headquarters, we really ❤ research. This surely comes as no surprise to you, dear readers — we’ve written about loads of research-related topics (where to test! how to test for less! omg there are so many testing techniques!). Today we’re talking about communicating research results.

Picture this: you’re a researcher with a sweet tooth and a grand plan. You want to know which ice cream flavors are most popular among, say, cattle ranchers in Montana. So you get some Montanan ranchers together in a room, buy a bunch of different kinds of ice cream, and ask them which flavors they like best.

Now it’s time to ethically and accurately write up your research findings. To do this, be sure to report on participants’ actions and behaviors, not their POBAs (perceptions, opinions, beliefs, or attitudes). Why skip POBAs? Well, because you have no way of knowing what participants think or feel. You only know what they tell you and what they do. (Granted, there probably aren’t a lot of ranchers in this scenario concealing secret ice cream-related thoughts, but it’s the principle of the thing.)

To make sure that the only thing you’re putting in your participants’ mouths is ice cream, choose verbs that show communication — like said, noted, expressed, suggested, or indicated. Steer clear of POBA verbs like thought, felt, or believed. Let’s look at a few examples.

Instead of:

• Many participants thought the lobster ice cream was gross.
• Most participants felt that black raspberry chocolate chip was the best kind.

Try:

• Many participants said they didn’t like the lobster ice cream.
• Most participants expressed a preference for black raspberry chocolate chip.

Just look at those completely objective, factual observations!

And here’s a final pro tip: command-F is your friend. Before you share your findings, double check your document for POBA verbs. The good news is, if you find a POBA word, it’s super easy to swap in something more accurate.

The bottom line: When reporting your research findings, focus on participants’ words and actions (which you can know), not their feelings or beliefs (which you can’t).

Tweet about it: Tips for communicating research findings from @CommunicateHlth: https://bit.ly/2O6PJ2e #HealthLit

You’ve finally launched your website. As an all-star health communicator, you’ve done everything you can to make it great. You tested with users. You tailored the content to your audience. You made sure the site is accessible. And of course you wrote it all in plain language.

Your work is done, right? Not so fast, dear readers! Now you need a way to keep that beautiful content as up to date as the day it launched, which will help your users stay happy and engaged. You need… wait for it… a content maintenance plan!

A content maintenance plan answers questions like:

• How and when do we update content?
• Whose job is it to update content — and who’s responsible for approving changes?
• How do we know when it’s time to remove old content?
• When we add new content, how do we decide where it goes?

Important stuff, right? Now that you know what it is, check out our top 3 tips for creating a stellar content maintenance plan.

1. Get really specific about adding and removing content. No matter how thoughtfully you’ve planned your site, you’ll probably realize soon that you need to add new pages. And there will be other pages that are no longer needed. It’s hard to make good decisions about this on the fly, so set criteria for when and how you’ll add or remove content.

Be sure to plan for where new content will go. You’ll also need to figure out what removing old content entails — do you need to archive it somehow? Can you just delete it? Decide how this will work in advance.

2. Get the right people on board. Having a plan isn’t enough — you need to know who’s going to do the plan. Figure out who will handle content maintenance tasks, like fixing broken links, and make these tasks a priority. You don’t want them to fall to the bottom of the to-do list every time.

You also need to decide who will review content when you’re making updates and who needs to approve new content. Put it all in the plan! Nailing down roles and responsibilities now will save you headaches later.

3. Make a maintenance schedule — and stick to it. A maintenance schedule tells you when to check your content for accuracy and make updates. This is also a good time to catch broken links and other out-of-date information.

We recommend reviewing each page at least once a year, but you could decide to review every 6 months or every 2 years, depending on the type of content and your goals for the site. We’re big fans of scheduling the review of large sites that have many pages throughout the year — and, you guessed it, putting all the details in the plan.

The bottom line: Make a plan for keeping your site’s content up to date — it’ll make your life easier and your users will thank you.

Tweet about it: Making a plan to keep your #HealthLit site up to date is a win for you and your users, says @CommunicateHlth: https://bit.ly/2Ahiy8o

It’s been a big year for YouTube, dear readers.

The Pew Research Center recently found that everyone’s favorite video-sharing site is dominating the social media landscape. You probably know YouTube for things like its powerful search function and its infamous influencers. But today we’re highlighting some of its lesser known — and super important — features: tools for making content accessible.

YouTube’s most prominent accessibility feature is closed captioning, which gives viewers the option to read video transcripts instead of listening to the video. This helps make your content accessible to people who are hard of hearing, folks who are watching in a loud environment, or users who can’t turn on the sound.

But there’s more. So much more! Check out all these things you can do to make content accessible on YouTube.

• Use built-in speech recognition to auto-generate captions. This is an option in English and some other languages. We recommend checking these captions though, just to make sure nothing got lost in the process.
• Upload a transcript. You can auto-sync the text to line up with the narration or dialogue in the video. Neat, right?
• Add subtitles. Pro tip: If you don’t speak the language your subtitles are in, enable “community contributions” so viewers can do the work for you. Teamwork makes the dream work!
• Download an auto-generated transcript and use it in on other social media platforms (like Facebook) where you want to share your video.

The bottom line: Turn to YouTube to make your video content more accessible.

Tweet about it: Accessibility’s a breeze on @YouTube! @CommunicateHlth explains: https://bit.ly/2EdtR5n #HealthLit #a11y

A few weeks ago, we ventured out of the We ❤ Health Literacy Headquarters to attend one of our favorite conferences: the National Conference on Health Communication, Marketing, and Media (NCHCMM). And it was great! So for this week’s post, we’re sharing our top 3 takeaways from this meeting of the health communication minds.

1. Make sure your message is relevant to your audience. Okay, dear readers, you’ve heard this one from us before. Dr. Jerome Adams, the U.S. Surgeon General, explained it like this: suppose your goal is to promote flu shots in your community, and your audience du jour is local business owners. Instead of only creating messages about how well the flu shot works, be super specific about how it benefits this particular audience. Fewer people with the flu = fewer employee sick days. Win win!

2. We’ve come a long way, baby! It’s easy to forget that health communication — and health literacy — are relatively new concepts. People have always communicated about health, but it wasn’t until the 1980s and 90s that health communication became its own field. (To put things in perspective, Ice Ice Baby existed before CDC had an Office of Communication.) Today, health communication is a well-established field with advanced degree programs, specialized peer-reviewed journals, and even our very own professional organization.

3. The best is yet to come. This year’s NCHCMM theme was “Insights into Impact,” which highlighted new tools that can help us become better health communicators. We heard about chat bots and machine learning for digital ad campaigns — and we even had the chance to show off our very favorite interactive infographic. None of these health communication tools were possible a couple decades ago. But now we’re able to segment audiences more precisely, reach people with more targeted messaging, and access better data to measure our impact.

Interested in what others thought of the conference? Search #NCHCMM on Twitter to see some highlights!

The bottom line: The field of health communication has come a long way, and we’re excited to move forward with it.

Tweet about it: Check out @CommunicateHlth’s #HealthLit takeaways from the National Conference on Health Communication, Marketing, & Media: https://bit.ly/2R4gZkr #NCHCMM

If you’re reading this, there’s a good chance you share our ❤ for health literacy. So this week, we wanted to tell you about an upcoming event we think you’ll also ❤: the Health Literacy in Action Conference (HLiA) happening on October 26 in College Park, MD.

The HLiA conference will bring together some of the most dedicated health literacy fans in the field (the Horowitz Center for Health Literacy! the Institute for Healthcare Advancement! yours truly!) for a deep dive into the principles and best practices of health literacy. We’ll be sharing the stage with health professionals and advocates from diverse organizations, all united by a passion for improving health literacy.

At HLiA, you’ll:

• Learn practical tips for improving your health materials
• Hear about the daily impact of health literacy
• Connect with other health literacy enthusiasts

Visit HLiA’s website to learn more. Space is limited, so be sure to register early.

Anyway, join us! We can hardly wait to talk with you about our very favorite subject.

The bottom line: We hope to see you next month at HLiA for an exploration of innovative approaches to improving health literacy!

Tweet about it: Do you love #HealthLiteracy? Let’s talk about it at #HLiA18 on 10/26 in College Park, MD. Get all the #HealthLit details: http://hlactionconf.com

(First, apologies for that title. We couldn’t help ourselves.)

Here’s a true thing, dear readers: government websites often get a bad rap. This makes sense, since people often visit them to do or find something very specific and un-fun — like signing up for insurance or downloading a tax form. In these moments, the stakes are high and there’s a good chance that users are already frustrated. Too much jargon and annoying usability issues only make things worse.

That’s why we wanted to share our top 3 tips for creating user-friendly government websites — and showcase some sites we ❤.

1. Make it easy for people to do the thing. Most people don’t visit government websites for kicks. They need to get something done or find something out. So don’t make them read through a massive history of your agency or wade through a sea of reports to get to the content they need.

Case in point: HealthCare.gov. Shopping for health insurance can be super overwhelming and it sure isn’t most people’s idea of a good time. HealthCare.gov’s homepage features big buttons with some of the most common action steps, like signing up for a plan. One click and you’re on your way.

2. Don’t assume your users are insiders. If you work for the government, you probably know the name of every department and program in your agency. But guess what? (That’s right, you guessed it.)

We ❤ how Vets.gov uses everyday words in the site navigation to guide people through the benefits available to Veterans and their families. The site doesn’t assume that people already know the ins and outs of the VA health care system or the names of all the VA programs. It just invites people to explore and apply for benefits. Zero insider knowledge necessary.

3. Don’t be afraid to be human. It’s okay to show a little personality or emotion — really! It might even be the key to engaging with users.

The folks behind Smokefree.gov aren’t afraid to tap into the emotions of their users. In fact, that’s a big part of how they help people quit smoking. They tell visitors that quitting is a journey. They encourage people to be proud on their Quit Day and reassure them that a slip-up doesn’t mean they’re failing. A little empathy can go a long way.

The bottom line: Government websites really can be clear, easy to use, and even fun!

Tweet about it: 3 tips for making government websites that are clear and easy to use from @CommunicateHlth: https://bit.ly/2NExGnD #HealthLit

Here at We ❤ Health Literacy Headquarters, we ❤ movies that put real-world public health heroes in the spotlight. Bonus points if that hero is played by a trash-talking, leopard-print-wearing, evil-corporation-fighting Julia Roberts. That’s right, dear readers — we’re talking about the 2000 biopic Erin Brockovich.

This award-winning film follows Brockovich as she exposes how the Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) poisoned the residents of Hinckley, California, by contaminating their water with cancer-causing hexavalent chromium. She digs up the dirt, gets the victims organized, and helps win a record-setting $333 million settlement in a class-action lawsuit.

She must be an Ivy League-educated lawyer, right? Or a privileged, polished, public health expert? Nope. At the time, Brockovich had no legal training, no public health experience, and none of her adversaries’ sense of boardroom propriety.

Nevertheless, her actions exemplify some of our favorite best practices for protecting the health of vulnerable communities.

• Use plain language. While PG&E’s corporate lawyers use jargon and fine print to intimidate and confuse the victims, Brockovich tells it straight: “You were lied to. You’re sick and your kids are sick because of those lies.”
• Build empathy with community members. Brockovich goes door to door in Hinckley, looking people in the eye, sitting at their kitchen tables, and learning their stories.
• Find the right evidence. Much like Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha investigating blood lead levels in Flint, Michigan, Brockovich goes far beyond her job description to unearth the incriminating paper trail on Hinckley’s water contamination.
• Make the stakes personal. Rejecting a low-ball settlement offer from the PG&E corporate lawyers, Brockovich points to their water glasses: “We had that water brought in special for you folks. Came from a well in Hinckley.”

The movie’s humor stems from a mismatch between perceptions of Brockovich (that she’s uneducated, unprofessional, and therefore incompetent) and her actual ability to tenaciously pursue facts, stand up to corporate strong-arming, and help right societal wrongs.

The bottom line: Never underestimate the role of community members and non-experts in protecting public health. Oh, and go watch Erin Brockovich.

Tweet about it: What makes Erin Brockovich a public health hero? Find out when @CommunicateHlth goes to the movies: https://bit.ly/2NyQhyr #HealthLit

In our newest series, Health Literacy in the Wild, we’re showing how you can apply health literacy principles in your workplace. Today’s edition will help your projects run more smoothly and your team stay more organized.

Ready? Let’s talk about meeting notes!

Here at We ❤︎ Health Literacy Headquarters, we’re busy designing infographics, building websites, and creating user-centered materials. And while it may not be the most exciting thing about the process, holding effective team meetings that produce clear takeaways about what’s happening next is part of what makes the magic happen.

Here’s how to draw from health literacy best practices to become a note-taking rockstar:

• Summarize next steps. If you’re pressed for time and can’t record anything else, jot down the next steps, who’s going to do them, and when they need to be completed.
• Keep it brief. Remember, you’re writing meeting notes, not a meeting transcript. Keep your notes focused on major updates, decisions, and next steps. Just like any well-written health material, the most helpful meeting notes are scannable and easy to read.
• Use active voice. We ❤ active voice for pretty much all writing, but it’s especially important in meeting notes. “Kate will revise the fact sheet” is a lot more helpful than “The fact sheet will be revised.” (Also, there’s no shame in getting by with a little help from the zombies if you have trouble telling the difference between active and passive voice.)
• Be specific. The best meeting notes are the ones that anyone can pick up and understand — even someone who wasn’t at the meeting. Instead of “Change the color to blue,” try “Pat will change the call-out box background color to the blue from the 9/22 color palette.”
• Share notes soon after you meet. It’s good practice to jot down notes during a meeting, clean them up immediately after, and send them out within a day. This way, you’ll help keep your team on track!

The bottom line: Your team will thank you for taking clear, actionable meeting notes. And that’s a health literacy win!

Tweet about it: How can #HealthLit principles help you take better meeting notes? @CommunicateHlth has tips: https://bit.ly/2w5U2EI

As plain-language-loving health communicators, we’re always looking for simple ways to share information clearly and effectively. This week, dear readers, we’re talking about a super useful tool for enhancing your plain language health content: including quotes from the target audience.

So why do we ❤ quotes in health content so much?

They can make your content friendlier and more relatable. Quotes from your target audience give content a valuable personal touch that helps readers better understand how information applies to them. Quotes can also inspire trust and confirm that the information you’re sharing is reliable.

For example, if you’re trying to encourage parents to take steps to keep their kids healthy, including a quote from an actual parent can help personalize the message and add credibility.

• Get active with your kids! Try to find activities you enjoy together, like taking a walk or going for a bike ride.
• “My daughter and I love to dance together. We spend a few minutes before dinner dancing to our favorite songs — and sometimes the whole family joins in!”

They help reinforce your messaging and inspire action. Quotes are a great way to reach audiences that may be hesitant to take the next step in their health journey. Your readers may be more inspired to change their behavior if they hear real-life success stories from people they can relate to.

For example, if you’re trying to encourage people with depression to seek help, it might be easier for a reader to follow advice from someone who’s been in their shoes.

• If you think you may be depressed, getting help is the most important thing you can do.
• “I’m really glad I talked to a counselor. He helped me remember that I’m not alone — and I have a lot of support.”

The bottom line: Quotes from real people can help you connect with your audience and emphasize the importance of your messaging.

Tweet about it: Can we quote you on that? @CommunicateHlth talks about the benefits of using quotes in #HealthLit content: https://bit.ly/2OHfdno